Thickness testing
Ultrasonic thickness gauges work by sending a short pulse of high-frequency sound through the material that needs to be measured. The gauge then measures the time it takes for an echo to be received from the back wall. Using this data, the thickness of the material can be calculated.
These gauges are often used to measure boilers, bunkers, casings, castings, gantries, gas tanks, pipelines, pressure vessels, tankers and tubes. If you're an engineering surveyor or plant maintenance engineer, or if you need to comply with certain statutory requirements, or if you simply want to measure the effect of abrasion or corrosion, then a thickness gauge may help.
Single-echo thickness gauges only measure the time taken for one back wall echo to pass through both the material under test, and its surface coating. This is a reasonable approach, although the thickness reading will not be accurate, as the sound has also passed through the surface coating.
Coatings such as bitumen, epoxy and paint have a velocity of sound, which is around one-third that of steel. This, in turn, gives rise to a greater material thickness reading than is actually the case.
A multiple-echo gauge, however, does not include the coating thickness in the final reading, but this depends on the model, and only works up to a certain thickness.
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